• Surgery to treat an enlarged prostate or prostate cancer
  
  
• Radiation therapy to treat prostate cancer
  
  
• Removal of the prostate
  
  

Causes include:

• Urinary tract infection
  
  
• Bowel problems, such as constipation
  
  
• Prostatitis, a painful infection of the prostate gland
  
  
• Neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease or stroke
  
  
• Kidney or bladder stones
  
  
• Blockage due to prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
  
  

Causes include:

• Obstruction of the urethra from BPH or prostate cancer
  
  
• Bladder muscles that contract weakly or don't contract when they should
  
  
• Narrowing of the urethra (stricture)
  
  
• Medications, such as antihistamines, and decongestants
  
  
• Nerve conditions, such as diabetes or multiple sclerosis.
  
  

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